🌲 Canopy Height Model (CHM) — per-location benchmark (v.2026-08-31)

This page details the Canopy Height Model (CHM) produced by the 🌲 Forest and trees Height estimation option. CHM v.2026-08-31 is compared against CHM v.2026-07-03 on the most-improved sample per country, using lidar-derived ground truth aggregated to 5 m hexagons (max height).

The metric is the mean absolute error (MAE) of canopy height, in metres, against the lidar ground truth. Across 38 areas of interest, CHM v.2026-08-31 lowers the mean MAE from 4.70 m to 3.24 m (−31%) versus CHM v.2026-07-03, with the largest gains in tall, structurally complex forest.

How to read these maps. The Ground truth panel shows the lidar-derived canopy height as a green ramp (darker green = taller) over the aerial image. Each model panel is an error map: the colour ramp shows the absolute difference between the model's predicted canopy height and the lidar ground truth, per hexagon — 0 = exact match, rising to 15 m. Emptier, cooler maps mean predictions closer to lidar. CHM error colour scale: 0 = exact, up to 15 m
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🇷🇺 Russia — RU_4

Model

MAE (m) ↓

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.73

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

8.06

−5.33 m worse

Ground truth — lidar canopy on aerial — Russia RU_4
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error — Russia RU_4
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar · MAE 8.06 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error — Russia RU_4
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar · MAE 2.73 m

20,980 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 5.33 m (−66%).

🇨🇭 Switzerland — SWISS_3

Model

MAE (m) ↓

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

3.36

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

7.78

−4.42 m worse

Ground truth — lidar canopy on aerial — Switzerland SWISS_3
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error — Switzerland SWISS_3
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar · MAE 7.78 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error — Switzerland SWISS_3
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar · MAE 3.36 m

1,740 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 4.42 m (−57%).

🇪🇪 Estonia — EST_473628

Model

MAE (m) ↓

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.75

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

5.42

−2.67 m worse

Ground truth — lidar canopy on aerial — Estonia EST_473628
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error — Estonia EST_473628
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar · MAE 5.42 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error — Estonia EST_473628
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar · MAE 2.75 m

44,641 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 2.67 m (−49%).

🇲🇽 Mexico — MEX_4

Model

MAE (m) ↓

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

1.69

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

2.93

−1.24 m worse

Ground truth — lidar canopy on aerial — Mexico MEX_4
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error — Mexico MEX_4
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar · MAE 2.93 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error — Mexico MEX_4
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar · MAE 1.69 m

18,248 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 1.24 m (−42%).

🇩🇰 Denmark — DEN_5

Model

MAE (m) ↓

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.20

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

2.67

−0.47 m worse

Ground truth — lidar canopy on aerial — Denmark DEN_5
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error — Denmark DEN_5
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar · MAE 2.67 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error — Denmark DEN_5
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar · MAE 2.20 m

1,289 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 0.47 m (−18%).

Summary

Country

Sample

CHM v.2026-07-03 MAE

CHM v.2026-08-31 MAE

Improvement

🇷🇺 Russia

RU_4

8.06

2.73

−66%

🇨🇭 Switzerland

SWISS_3

7.78

3.36

−57%

🇪🇪 Estonia

EST_473628

5.42

2.75

−49%

🇲🇽 Mexico

MEX_4

2.93

1.69

−42%

🇩🇰 Denmark

DEN_5

2.67

2.20

−18%

Mean absolute canopy-height error vs lidar ground truth · 5 m hexagons, max aggregation · absolute-error ramp 0–15 m. The US sample is omitted (a single, highly generalised tile).