๐ŸŒฒ Canopy Height Model (CHM) โ€” per-location benchmark (v.2026-08-31)๏ƒ

This page details the Canopy Height Model (CHM) produced by the ๐ŸŒฒ Forest and trees Height estimation option. CHM v.2026-08-31 is compared against CHM v.2026-07-03 on the most-improved sample per country, using lidar-derived ground truth aggregated to 5 m hexagons (max height).

The metric is the mean absolute error (MAE) of canopy height, in metres, against the lidar ground truth. Across 38 areas of interest, CHM v.2026-08-31 lowers the mean MAE from 4.70 m to 3.24 m (โˆ’31%) versus CHM v.2026-07-03, with the largest gains in tall, structurally complex forest.

How to read these maps. The Ground truth panel shows the lidar-derived canopy height as a green ramp (darker green = taller) over the aerial image. Each model panel is an error map: the colour ramp shows the absolute difference between the model's predicted canopy height and the lidar ground truth, per hexagon โ€” 0 = exact match, rising to 15 m. Emptier, cooler maps mean predictions closer to lidar. CHM error colour scale: 0 = exact, up to 15 m
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๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ Russia โ€” RU_4๏ƒ

Model

MAE (m) โ†“

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.73

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

8.06

โˆ’5.33 m worse

Ground truth โ€” lidar canopy on aerial โ€” Russia RU_4
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error โ€” Russia RU_4
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar ยท MAE 8.06 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error โ€” Russia RU_4
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar ยท MAE 2.73 m

20,980 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 5.33 m (โˆ’66%).

๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ญ Switzerland โ€” SWISS_3๏ƒ

Model

MAE (m) โ†“

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

3.36

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

7.78

โˆ’4.42 m worse

Ground truth โ€” lidar canopy on aerial โ€” Switzerland SWISS_3
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error โ€” Switzerland SWISS_3
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar ยท MAE 7.78 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error โ€” Switzerland SWISS_3
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar ยท MAE 3.36 m

1,740 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 4.42 m (โˆ’57%).

๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ช Estonia โ€” EST_473628๏ƒ

Model

MAE (m) โ†“

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.75

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

5.42

โˆ’2.67 m worse

Ground truth โ€” lidar canopy on aerial โ€” Estonia EST_473628
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error โ€” Estonia EST_473628
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar ยท MAE 5.42 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error โ€” Estonia EST_473628
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar ยท MAE 2.75 m

44,641 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 2.67 m (โˆ’49%).

๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ Mexico โ€” MEX_4๏ƒ

Model

MAE (m) โ†“

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

1.69

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

2.93

โˆ’1.24 m worse

Ground truth โ€” lidar canopy on aerial โ€” Mexico MEX_4
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error โ€” Mexico MEX_4
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar ยท MAE 2.93 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error โ€” Mexico MEX_4
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar ยท MAE 1.69 m

18,248 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 1.24 m (โˆ’42%).

๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Denmark โ€” DEN_5๏ƒ

Model

MAE (m) โ†“

vs lidar GT

CHM v.2026-08-31

2.20

best

CHM v.2026-07-03

2.67

โˆ’0.47 m worse

Ground truth โ€” lidar canopy on aerial โ€” Denmark DEN_5
Ground truthlidar canopy height (darker = taller) on aerial
CHM v.2026-07-03 error โ€” Denmark DEN_5
CHM v.2026-07-03error vs lidar ยท MAE 2.67 m
CHM v.2026-08-31 error โ€” Denmark DEN_5
CHM v.2026-08-31error vs lidar ยท MAE 2.20 m

1,289 ground-truth hexagons. Mean absolute height error reduced by 0.47 m (โˆ’18%).

Summary๏ƒ

Country

Sample

CHM v.2026-07-03 MAE

CHM v.2026-08-31 MAE

Improvement

๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ Russia

RU_4

8.06

2.73

โˆ’66%

๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ญ Switzerland

SWISS_3

7.78

3.36

โˆ’57%

๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ช Estonia

EST_473628

5.42

2.75

โˆ’49%

๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ Mexico

MEX_4

2.93

1.69

โˆ’42%

๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Denmark

DEN_5

2.67

2.20

โˆ’18%

Mean absolute canopy-height error vs lidar ground truth ยท 5 m hexagons, max aggregation ยท absolute-error ramp 0โ€“15 m. The US sample is omitted (a single, highly generalised tile).